Descriptive study of the theoretical-conceptual framework of the Milpa Intercalada en Árboles Frutales system in Veracruz

Abstract

The Milpa Intercropped with Fruit Trees System (MIAF) is an innovative agroforestry technique that combines the cultivation of corn, beans, or other legumes with fruit trees, creating a sustainable and resilient agricultural system within the agroecosystem. The objective of this research was to analyze and substantiate, from the perspective of soil fertility, the theoretical and conceptual contributions of the multi-objective MIAF system in the Los Tuxtlas region of Veracruz, in order to demonstrate its impact on increasing agricultural production, productivity, and the quality of life of its producers. Methodology. An information search was conducted, consisting of a state-of-the-art analysis of the Agroecosystem concept and the MIAF system using the Scopus platform, as well as a description of the disciplines, activities, and theories directly related to the MIAF system. Results. When searching for the terms Agroecosystem and MIAF, a total of 13,142 documents were found for the former, considering the last 15 years, 10 countries, four document types, and 11 subject areas. Meanwhile, for the term MIAF, 33 scientific articles published between 2015 and 2025 across 10 countries were found. Twelve disciplines with their respective activities were described, along with five theories directly related to the MIAF system. Together, these provide a conceptual framework for understanding the functioning of the MIAF system as a viable alternative to conventional agricultural systems, while offering ecological, economic, and social benefits for humanity. Conclusions. The MIAF system is a promising alternative for sustainable agriculture and food security due to its potential to generate multiple benefits, its broad adaptability, and—most importantly—its holistic approach, which makes this system a viable option for rural development and environmental conservation.