Agro Productividad

INVENTORY OF TOURISM RESOURCES OF THE MOUNTAIN AREA OF TEXCOCO, STATE OF MEXICO

2022-07-11T15:54:08+00:00

Objective. To elaborate an inventory of tourism resources identified in the mountain area of Texcoco, which serve as an instrument for planning and organizing the local tourism system.

Design/Methodology/Approach. We considered the application of a survey to the auxiliary authorities, as well as to local and external actors that would allow contextualizing the tourism dynamics in the area. The task was supported by field trips applying the ethnographic method. From the collected data, eight localities were selected within the characteristics, a greater number of tourism resources were identified.

Results. It was determined that some of the selected localities have sufficient attributes to potentiate some of their resources as a strategy for local development.

Limitations/Implications. The restriction to access information in local offices of the municipal government limited the approach to some resources; thus, self-reported data had to be constructed through the perception of some individuals.

Conclusions. It is necessary to develop tourism land-planning instruments through mechanisms of management that include training for local actors on various topics for the sustainable use of tourism resources.

Linkage to the market of jalapeño pepper producers through supplier development in Quintana Roo

2022-07-25T03:17:22+00:00

Objective: To analyze the jalapeño pepper characteristics and demand of the restaurant sector in Quintana Roo, in order to identify the supply requirements of this sector.

Design/Methodology/Approach: A random sample of n=73 restaurants were surveyed online.

Results: Most of the restaurants (87.5%) have been in business for less than six years and —although most of them sell Mexican food— only 41.6% are interested in purchasing jalapeño peppers from the producers.

Study Limitations/Implications: Producers must invest their social capital in order to firmly establish a supply strategy.

Findings/Conclusions: The restaurants that purchase jalapeño pepper demand a constant delivery frequency, size, pungency level, and specific color.

Study of the allelopathic effect of some weeds on the germination of durum wheat (Triticum durum desf.).

2022-08-03T12:06:30+00:00

Objetive: the presence of weeds in a cereal field is detrimental for several reasons. In this study, we chose four adventitious species to test their allelopathic effect on the germination of seeds and the development of seedlings of the durum wheat variety "Simeto".

Design/Methodology/Approach: we tested the allelopathic effect at the laboratory level, by mixing weed seeds and durum wheat. In these trials, the allelopathic effect was measured.

Results: the inhibitory effect of these adventitious species manifests itself much more on the development of the seedlings, especially on the aerial parts.

Findings/Conclusions: the bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L) is the most inhibiting.

Morphological characterization of Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) ecotypes collected in Chiapas, Mexico

2022-08-23T04:03:20+00:00

Objective: To characterize the morphology of 18 ecotypes of Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) in Chiapas. Design/Methodology/Approach: The morphological characterization was carried out with 34 quantitative and qualitative descriptors. A principal component analysis and a hierarchical cluster analysis were performed based on the average data. Results: In the principal component analysis, five of the principal components accounted for 70.7% of the total variability in the 18 ecotypes of Elephant grass. The variables that made the most significant contributions in each CP were: in CP1, internode diameter (p<0.01), internode length (p<0.05), color of internode without wax (p<0.01), number of innovations (p<0.01 ), prophylls (p<0.01), number of prophylls (p<0.01), external length of the sheath (p<0.01), internal length of the sheath at its opening point (p<0.01), opening of the auricle (p<0.01 ); for CP2, the number of visible internodes (p<0.05), channel width (p<0.05), size of innovations (p<0.05), adventitious root, number of internodes (p<0.01), wax under the sheath (p<0.05); and for CP3, number of visible internodes (p<0.05), color of the internode with wax (p<0.001), channel depth (p<0.001), ligule shape (p<0.05) and leaflet tip (p< 0.05). As a result of the hierarchical cluster analysis and the semipartial correlation coefficient, five morphologically distinct groups were determined.

Study Limitations: A more accurate description of the morphological diversity of the grasses requires the characterization of the inflorescence and the spikelet.

Findings/Conclusions: The 18 ecotypes of the Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) collected and characterized were dissimilar with each other; consequently, they are considered a genetic resource with potential importance as forage on the Chiapas coast.

The innovation networks of blackberries

2022-09-29T05:18:19+00:00

Objective: Map the innovation networks of blackberry producers in the Los Reyes Michoacán region, as well as to identify the degree of centrality, density and intermediation of the network and some options for improvement.

Design/methodology/approach: Visits and interviews were made to the main collection centers Sunbell, El Cerrito, SPR and Driscoll, to the personnel of Trusts Established in Relation to Agriculture of the Western Region, the Zamora Agency. For the baseline survey, a universe of 50 producers was considered, including partners and main clients; then, all the red was relieved with the "snowball" technique.

Results: 39% of the producers are also dedicated to the production and marketing of avocado. Most of the production (92%) is destined for export. The main collection centers for export are Sunbelle, Splendor and Driscoll. El Molinito and Moradely account for 70% of the total national market.

Agrofertilizadores de Michoacán Agromich, Fertimich, Bucosa and Agrupe concentrate 70% of the inputs sold to producers. The company Procal stands out in the supply and service management network.

Limitations on study/implications: It is a study focused on the Los Reyes region, which could be extended to other regions, crops, and expand the number of actors involved in the study.

Findings/conclusions: The relationships between different actors centralization, inputs-outputs, and intermediation indicators take higher values, which shows the role of producers and key companies (Ere03 and OP01) as source, collector, and articulator actors. It is important to promote high productivity and profitable technologies for innovation

Potential use of water saved with technification of gravity irrigation in non-agricultural sectors

2022-02-21T16:30:23+00:00

Objective: To analyze conceptually the potential use of water that the technification of gravity irrigation allows in saving and generating alternatives of use according to the extrapolation of volumes, both in the agricultural sector or outside of it.

Design/methodology/approach: The Modernized Gravity Irrigation Program (RIGRAT) will be evaluated, by measuring the volumes of irrigation used in the Irrigation Districts (ID) 075 Río Fuerte, 076 Valle del Carrizo, and 063 Guasave, Sinaloa, during the 2015-2018 agricultural cycles. The measured and statistical data are integrated for the analysis of volumes saved by the program and its national statistical projection.

Results: The volume saved in the ID 075 was 2,401.02 thousand m³ (2.4 hm³) in 6,114.5 ha under technification of the RIGRAT program. The volume of water saved on that surface represents 10% of the water used by the industrial sector of Sinaloa. It is inferred that the modernization of the ID 075 Río Fuerte in the planted area of 289,780 ha, would imply a saving of 40% of the water that can be used in urban areas of Sinaloa. In the same agricultural sector, it would be possible to save a volume of 187 thousand m³, which represents 6.4% of the water used by the irrigation district at plot level.

Limitations on study/implications: Current regulations do not allow the transfer of water volume in its different uses, with the aim of optimizing the value of water.

Findings/conclusions: With actions implemented in the RIGRAT program, water saving is achieved at the farm level and there would be a great impact, since agriculture is the main consumer of water and there could be volumes saved to be used in other sectors.

Associativity in the case of vegetable producers in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico

2022-05-11T18:27:15+00:00

Objective: To evaluate the associativity in groups of vegetable producers from six municipalities of the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, through an analysis of the attributes that are established to measure whether or not there is associativity, under the assumption that associativity is high in the analyzed communities. Economic globalization transforms the behavior of people and their values, devaluing the national identity of associative work.

Design/methodology/approach: The study was carried out in the region of the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, with a qualitative and quantitative approach, in two phases: the first, documentary research on the theoretical approaches of associativity; the second, with field questionnaires, for which six municipalities were selected to represent vegetable producers.

Results: The results show the absence of associativity in the production of vegetables.

Limitations on study/implications: The number of the sample is within the limitations, so by expanding the number of municipalities the probability of association would be higher.

Findings/conclusions: The conclusion is that the increase in productivity and income and the reduction of production costs would favor the continuity of vegetable production and associativity would be promoted with this.

Evaluation of the application of fertilizers and biostimulants in Zephyranthes lindleyana Herb (Amarylidaceae) under greenhouse conditions

2022-11-29T19:05:55+00:00

Objective: To evaluate the effect of different doses of N, P, K fertilizers and two biostimulants, on growth parameters and vegetative development in plants of the species Z. lindleyana Herb.

Design/methodology/approach: An experiment was established under greenhouse conditions under a CRD; ten treatments with five repetitions were tested, with different doses of N, P and K and two biostimulants. The experimental unit was one plant per pot. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests (α=0.05). Budding, flowering, leaf height, number of leaves and seed production were measured.

Results: Vegetative development was distinguished in all plants. Only six treatments showed flowering. The percentage of floral and vegetative sprouting did not show delay or advance in the physiology of the plant. In leaf height and number of leaves, different behaviors were detected in the treatments, not detected in the Kruskal-Wallis tests. The plants treated with high doses of NPK fertilization and combined with biostimulants showed inflorescences and seed production.

Limitations on study/implications: Being a native plant with ornamental potential, the collection of this species is a challenge due to the lack of studies on the potential distribution of the species.

Findings/conclusions: This species can be cultivated under a greenhouse and pot planting system. Floral budding, height and number of leaves is stimulated by high doses of nitrogen. The combination of NPK and biostimulants favors development/growth and seed production.

Fruit characterization and plant quality of Spanish cedar (Cedrela odorata L.) during the early nursery stage

2022-07-05T17:12:28+00:00

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize Spanish cedar (Cedrela odorata L.) fruits and seeds, and to evaluate the effects of provenance, substrata, and fertilizer on germination and plant quality in nursery.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The fruits and seeds from Spanish cedars were collected in three different towns: C-32 (Francisco Trujillo Gurria), C-40 (Ernesto Aguirre Colorado), and C-41 (Carlos A. Madrazo). Those towns are in Plan Chontalpa, Tabasco, Mexico. After they were harvested, the samples were morphometrically characterized. Seed production efficiency (SPE), germination (%), and Dickson Quality Index (DQI) were estimated. Two completely randomized experimental designs with factorial arrangement of treatments were used. The factors were the provenance, four or three substrata, and two levels of Greenfool® 600 fertilizer.

Results: Fruits of 3.46 cm in length and 1.81 cm in width were collected; the mean number of seeds per fruit was 49.36. Seed production efficiency ranged from 48.1% to 52.72%, with 32.86% germination. The seeds from Town C-41 obtained the highest germination percentage, with the use of black soil:sand as substrate. The plants fertilized and developed in black soil:sand substrate obtained a higher DQI.

Study Limitations/Implications: The activity restriction caused by the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic was the main limitation. The lower number of producers and plantations from Town C-32 was the implication.

Findings/Conclusions: Fruit and seed characteristics were different among provenances. The provenance impacted on seed germination, but not on the plant quality index (DQI). Instead, the substrate and fertilizer impacted on the DQI.

Forage diversity and selection in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Texanus MEARNS) in coahuila, mexico

2022-08-18T06:05:16+00:00

Objective: To identify diet diversity and selection among white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus texanus Mearns) at UMA Rancho San Juan, Monclova, Coahuila, Mexico, from October 2018 to August 2019.

Design/methodology/approach: The composition of the white-tailed deer’s diet was identified by applying the microhistological technique. The line interception method was used to estimate the seasonal availability of forage. Diet and forage diversity were established based on the Shannon index, while their relation was identified using a simple linear regression. Diet selection was determined using the chi-squared test and Ivlev’s electivity index.

Results: We identified 49 species and 20 families in the diet, which comprised 49.84% shrubs, 18.38% succulents, 16.02% herbaceous plants, and 15.72% grasses. Deer selected Opuntia engelmannii, consumed Acacia rigidula and Cenchrus ciliaris in proportion to their availability, and consumed Acacia berlandieri, Jatropha dioica, and Karwinskia humboldtiana below their availability.

Study Limitations/Implications: This line of research should be further pursued, including nutritional quality aspects of the forage and diet variations between sampling years. We also recommend fostering the presence of herbaceous plants through habitat improvement techniques.

Conclusions: No relation was found between diet and forage diversity. When forage diversity decreased, grass intake increased.

Agricultural production and market prices in Mexico

2022-11-23T17:27:37+00:00

Objective: to establish that the price of the main products of the Mexican agricultural sector are cointegrated with the production of the main producing States of the five regions of the Mexican agricultural sector.

Design/methodology/approach: thirty cointegration tests were carried out to determine if prices influence the production of the main producing States of the regions of the agricultural sector of Mexico of the main products of Mexico, which are grain corn, grain sorghum and bean.

Results: in the northwest region, the price does not influence the production of the main producing States of grain corn, grain sorghum and beans; In the northeast, central-western and central regions, the price influences the production of the main producing States of grain maize, grain sorghum and beans; and, in the south-southeast region, in most of the States, the price does not affect the production of the main producing States of grain corn, grain sorghum and beans.

Limitations on study/implications: Not all States and their main products were analyzed because it was not the objective of the investigation.

Findings/conclusions: the price influences the production, but it does not influence in the same way the production of the five regions of Mexico and neither of the main producing States of grain corn, grain sorghum and beans.

Plant growth and early in vitro floral differentiation of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews)

2022-11-29T18:40:24+00:00

Objective: To induce in vitro flowering of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) with different plant growth regulators (PGRs) using the double-layer technique.

Design/methodology/approach: A layer of semi-solid Knudson C (KC) medium, added with 40 g L^-1 sucrose, 15% coconut water (CW; v/v) and 7 g L^-1 agar, was placed in 100 mL flasks. A liquid layer of the same composition without agar was placed on top. It was supplemented with different doses (mg L^-1) of PGRs: 6-benzyladenine (BA) (7), thidiazuron (TDZ) (6), paclobutrazol (PBZ) (0.5) and gibberellic acid (AG₃) (2). Plus two controls, C1: no PGRs + no CW; C2: no PGRs + CW. Vanilla shoots of 2 cm in length and with at least one axillary shoot were placed. They were incubated at a temperature of 26±2 °C day and 18 °C darkness, with light intensity of 55 µmol m^-2 s^-1 during 13 weeks. The number of shoots, leaves and roots was evaluated, as well as the length of shoots and fresh weight. Floral differentiation was evaluated at the tenth week by conventional microtechnique.

Results: The number shoots and leaves and shoot length were significantly higher in C2. The number of roots increased with PBZ 0.5 mgL^-1. C1 and C2 promoted higher fresh weight. Floral differentiation was observed with AG₃ 2 and PBZ 0.5 mg L^-1 treatments.

Limitations on study/implications: Further evaluation of other PGR doses and environmental conditions is required to achieve full floral differentiation of vanilla.

Findings/conclusions: CW increased vegetative growth. AG₃ and PBZ showed early floral differentiation in Vanilla planifolia, which is the first report of this phenomenon for the species.

Effects of different land uses on soil quality indicators in Lixisols from La Sabana, Huimanguillo, Tabasco, Mexico

2022-06-01T03:21:01+00:00

Objetivo: Evaluar los indicadores físicos de la calidad de suelos sometidos a cuatro usos distintos en Lixisols en la

Objective: To evaluate the physical indicators of the quality of soils subjected to four different land uses in Lixisols from La Sabana in Huimanguillo, Tabasco, Mexico.

Design/methodology/approach: Nine variables were evaluated in soil samples from Lixisols located in La Sabana, Huimanguillo: infiltration rate, resistance to penetration, bulk density, total porosity, aggregate stability, thinning, depth of the horizon, volume and weight of soil loss. We used a completely randomized sample design, with a factor with four levels (each land use: pasture, rubber tree, rubber-cacao and rubber-mahogany), and five treatment repetitions; each sampling point of the plot with the five-of-golds method, with the exception of the use with pasture, which was linear.

Results: The reference soil group (RSG) corresponds to a Ferric Lixisol (Cutanic, Endoloamic, Epiarenic, Humic, Profondic), whose RSG has not been reported for the study area. The quality indicators are within acceptable limits. In soil loss, the pasture has conserved more over time, storing greater volume and weight of soil per hectare; the use with rubber (monoculture) has lost a greater amount of soil from the A horizon, evidenced by the decrease in its depth, volume and weight per hectare.

Limitations on study/implications: Until a few years ago, in the study area within La Sabana in Huimanguillo, Acrisol had been described as the dominant RSG.

Findings/conclusions: The presence of Acrisol in the study area is ruled out. Soil quality for all uses is acceptable.

Pregerminative treatments in Tillandsia ionantha seeds to obtain seedlings under in vitro culture

2022-11-29T19:11:01+00:00

Objective: To search for an in vitro strategy to favor both germination and a greater number of seedlings in Tillandsia ionantha; also, to promote the development of future research on this species.

Design/methodology/approach: Factor one: lighting conditions (light-dark), factor two: 13 preconditioning treatments, which included storage at room temperature and in refrigeration at 10° C, soaking (12 and 24 hours), with hydrogen peroxide (10 and 20 %), potassium nitrate (0.2 and 0.4 %), gibberellins (50 and 150 ml.l^-1), three alternate incubation temperatures (28, 32 and 36 °C). They were sown in MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) at 25 %, adding 20 g.l^-1 of sugar, 2 g.l^-1 of activated carbon, and 5 .5 g.l^-1 of agar. A flask with three seeds which coma removed was established as an experimental unit; 15 repetitions were established and placed in the incubation room at 24 °C with a photoperiod of 16:8. The germination process was recorded, and the seedlings were extracted two months after their establishment.

Results: The treatment that resulted in the highest number of seeds that initiated the germination process and the highest number of plants was when the seeds were kept at room temperature. The highest contamination was observed in the treatment exposed to 32 °C. It was observed that 80% of the experimental units showed signs of imbibition within a few days, although the vast majority did not complete the process and the maximum yield was on average 1.4 seedlings.

Conclusions: The best treatment is to use seeds stored at room temperature and if storage is necessary, to soak them for 12 h.

Influence of Funneliformis mosseae in the growth and accumulation of dry biomass in Dalia plants

2022-11-29T19:13:50+00:00

Objetive: in the production of Dahlia spp., only chemical fertilization has been used, and an option that has not yet been explored is the implementation of a microbial inoculant. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae on the growth and development of the dahlia (Dahlia variabilis var. Variegated dwarf).

Design/methodology/approach: the seeds were sown in polyethylene bags containing a mixture of black soil, peat moss, and agrolite. A completely randomized design was used, and the treatment structure was 2x3 factorial. The study factors were F. mosseae, chemical fertilization, and substrate sterilization.

Results: an analysis of variance was performed, and the mean values of the treatments were compared with Tukey’s test (α = 0.05).

Conclusions: with the inoculation of F. mosseae, a significant increase was obtained in the study variables: plant height, stem diameter, number of buds and flowers per plant; leaf + stem, flower, root, and total biomass, compared to non-inoculated plants. A colonization of 89 % in the roots was recorded. A limitation of the study is that the effect of the inoculum on plant growth can vary according to the mycorrhiza species used. In conclusion, inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae increased growth and biomass accumulation in Dahlia plants.

Sowing of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) in the humid tropical climate of Tabasco, México

2022-09-12T14:26:47+00:00

Objective: To evaluate Stevia rebaudiana under the climatic conditions of the state of Tabasco, Mexico.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Three consecutive sowings of stevia plants were carried out for one year, progressively adapting the management and crop establishment according to the results obtained in the previous sowing. The survival percentage at 15 days after transplantation (dat) was calculated. Plant height was measured at 60 days and limitations observed in each crop cycle were recorded, as well as climatic variables.

Results: bending problems, soil splashing on the leaves, and foliar fungal diseases were recorded during the December 2019 sowing; however, 71% of the plants survived the transplant. In the April 2020 sowing, 40% of the plants survived the transplant; nevertheless, the plants showed generalized chlorosis and lack of growth, as a consequence of excessive solar radiation. Finally, in August 2020, the survival rate reached 89% and an average plant height of 20.55 cm was recorded.

Study Limitations/Implications: the rainfall that caused flooding in June and October 2020 limited the development of this research. Likewise, to determine the steviosides content and establish the quality of the harvest, the cultivation cycle must conclude.

Findings/Conclusions: Stevia can be grown in the climatic conditions of Tabasco, as long as the rainy seasons and high temperatures are avoided during the first stage of cultivation. Water is a limiting factor that causes phytopathological problems and the death of the plant.