Sustainability of nature-based enterprises in Mexico

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the economic, social, and environmental performance of Nature-Based Enterprises (NBE) in Mexico through an exploratory study, aiming to identify key factors influencing these dimensions and opportunities for improvement.

Design/methodology/approach: Data was collected through 23 surveys and 9 interviews. The sustainable performance of these enterprises was assessed using a framework adapted to NBE. Cluster analysis identified four groups: consolidated, developing, adapting, and incipient development. To characterize these groups, differences were analyzed using analysis of variance and mean comparison tests for quantitative variables. For categorical variables, contingency tables with the chi-square test were employed.

Results: Significant differences were found in aspects such as marketing, investment, diversification, and habitat conservation. Key factors associated with good performance included corporate governance, stakeholder management, and entrepreneurial vision.

Limitations on study/implications: The sample is not statistically representative; therefore, results cannot be generalized to the entire population.

Findings/conclusions: NBE in Mexico play a fundamental role by integrating economic, social, and environmental objectives. This study identified habitat conservation, strong governance, and stakeholder management as essential factors for their long-term viability. However, challenges remain, particularly in designing strategies that enhance economic viability without compromising environmental and social sustainability in some enterprises.