Socioproductive characterization of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) producers in Chiapas, Mexico

Resumen

Objective: The aim is to characterize the production conditions, main constraints and willingness of small-scale peanut producers in Mérida, Cintalapa de Figueroa, Chiapas, regarding the potential utilization of peanut shells as a by-product.

Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional study with descriptive and exploratory aims was conducted. Data were collected using a local census approach, including all active peanut producers identified in the community (n = 14). Structured surveys were used to gather information, which was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation, the Mann–Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test.

Results: Producers operated on a small scale, with a predominance of family-based learning and self-saved seed use. Drought, pests, and economic problems were the main constraints affecting the system. The cultivated area and farming experience were positively associated with production but negatively associated with yield. This indicates that production depends more on expanding the cultivated area than improving efficiency within it. Although most producers expressed an interest in marketing peanut shells, collective organization remained limited.

Research limitations/implications: The study focused on the 14 producers who make up the local peanut-producing population in the Mérida community. Despite its local scope, the findings provide valuable empirical evidence for understanding the conditions, constraints, and organizational restrictions of small-scale farming.

Findings/conclusions: Peanut production in Mérida is sustained by small-scale units characterised by family-based learning and the predominant use of self-saved seeds. Under this production logic, production volume depends more on expanding the area than improving yield. The system's efficiency and the potential for using peanut shells as a by-product are limited by the identified constraints in production and organization.