Agroecological functions of perennial forage Pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi Krap & Greg.) in agricultural systems

Resumen

bjective: to identify the main uses, ecological benefits and productive contributions of Pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi) in agricultural systems oriented toward sustainability.

Design/ Methodology/ Approach: an exhaustive bibliographic review was compiled on the use of Pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi) in different tropical agricultural systems. Relevant information was collected about the main uses of Pinto peanut, including its function as plant cover and soil protector, a source of fodder for cattle, organic mulch, erosion control agent and raw material to produce flour for feeding guinea pigs. The bibliographic review was complemented with some other field observations, to build a comprehensive perspective about the benefits of this species within sustainable production systems.

Results: With the literature consulted as background and data from field observations in an agroecological backyard poultry rearing system, it was determined that the vegetation cover provided by Pinto peanut plants favored the presence of insects and other invertebrates that in turn served as a natural source of food for laying hens. This, significantly reduced the costs associated with the purchase of commercial meals. The consumption of crickets, moths, earthworms, beetles, worms and other soil organisms was recorded. This is evidence of the complementary ecological and economic function of this species within sustainable agricultural systems. Since it contributes both to biological balance and to economic savings in rural communities.

Limitations/ Implications of the study: It was observed that most of the publications consulted present partial findings or isolated case studies, which shows the need to integrate the available information into a broader analytical framework.

Findings/ Conclusions: Pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi) was identified as a resource of great importance in production systems. The functions observed were among others, a positive interaction between the plant and poultry rearing in backyard systems; as well as acting as a soil improver, providing feed for domestic animals, and saving costs as a natural control for weeds.